This summary of scholarly and development-related literature on Pacific Island women and agriculture has been compiled with the intention of providing practitioners and policymakers with a concise yet holistic overview of current knowledge and frameworks for understanding markets in the region. The evidence presented here offers a powerful case for increased investment in agricultural training for women and girls who desire it and the need for governments and other stakeholders to recognize the critically important role women play in sustaining Pacific Island agriculture. Their access to and control over key inputs, resources and services will determine the health and social and economic wellbeing of rural families and communities all over the region.