The Family Health and Safety Survey in Bougainville (FHSS) was conducted in the Autonomous Region of Bougainville over the course of 2012 and 2013. The study was undertaken to provide a deeper understanding of the health and safety problems affecting families in Bougainville in order to build stronger, evidence-based interventions to promote healthy families and communities, to prevent gender-based and family violence, and to help strengthen the peace and development for the Autonomous Region of Bougainville overall. The men and women interviewed for the study were randomly selected, ensuring that they represented all adults of their age (18–49 years) on Bougainville. Internationally recognized and tested statistical techniques of random sampling were used so that all men and women of this age group had an equal chance of being selected for interview.